The women’s category of Olympic sports will be limited to biological females from 2028, the International Olympic Committee has announced.
Eligibility will be determined by a “once-in-a-lifetime” sex test, which would prevent transgender women and those with differences in sexual development (DSD) from competing.
It will take effect from the Los Angeles Olympics.IOC president Kirsty Coventry said the policy was “led by medical experts”.
“At the Olympic Games even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat,” she said.
“So it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe.”
The IOC said eligibility for the female category would be determined by a screening to detect the SRY gene – the sex-determining region Y gene – which is part of the Y chromosome and causes male characteristics to develop.
“The IOC considers that SRY gene screening via saliva, cheek swab or blood sample is unintrusive compared to other possible methods,” it said.
“Athletes who screen negative for the SRY gene permanently satisfy this policy’s eligibility criteria for competition in the female category.
“Unless there is reason to believe that a negative reading is in error, this will be a once-in-a-lifetime test.”
The IOC said athletes who failed the test would “continue to be included in all other classifications for which they qualify. For example, they are eligible for any male category, including in a designated male slot within any mixed category, and any open category, or in sports and events that do not classify athletes by sex.”
Until this announcement, the IOC had left sex eligibility regulations to the governing bodies of individual sports, rather than applying a universal approach.
While sports such as athletics, swimming, cycling and rowing have brought in bans, many others allowed transgender women to compete in female competition if they lowered their testosterone levels.
The ban will also cover athletes with a DSD.This is a rare condition in which a person’s hormones, genes and/or reproductive organs may be a mix of male and female characteristics.
Two-time Olympic women’s 800m champion Caster Semenya’s DSD means she has male XY chromosomes.
Previously, DSD athletes who had not been through male puberty could compete in women’s sport, provided they kept their testosterone within certain levels.
Some reports took the IBA saying Khelif has XY chromosomes to speculate that the fighter might have DSD.
However, the BBC was not able to confirm whether this was or was not the case.Last week it was announced that Lin could return to women’s sport after passing a sex test.
At the 2016 Olympics in Rio, all three medallists in the women’s 800m, including winner Semenya, were DSD athletes, intensifying calls for tighter rules.
World Athletics then insisted that for track events from 400m up to the mile, DSD athletes must reduce their testosterone levels in order to be eligible.
Semenya refused, arguing it was an infringement of her human rights and discriminatory.
Amid a long legal battle, World Athletics’ made its rules stricter in 2023.
Source: BBC