The US has sent roughly 1.1 million bullets seized from Iran last year to Ukraine, its military has said.
The US Central Command (Centcom), which oversees operations in the Middle East, says the rounds were confiscated from a ship bound for Yemen in December.
Ukraine’s Western allies recently warned that their production lines were struggling to keep up with the rate at which Ukraine was using ammunition.
Centcom says the Iranian rounds were transferred to Ukraine on Monday.
It added the ammunition was 7.62mm calibre used in Soviet-era rifles and light machine-guns.
While the number is significant, it represents a small percentage of the hundreds of millions of rounds already shipped by allies to Ukraine.
The US has already provided more than 200 million bullets and grenades.
The Iranian munitions were originally seized by US naval forces from a stateless ship named MARWAN 1 on 9 December, it said.
The US government gained ownership of them in July through a process known as civil forfeiture, by which an asset can be seized if its owner is thought to be involved in criminal activity.
In this case, the claim was brought against Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a branch of the Iranian armed forces tasked with preserving the country’s government.
In a statement, Centcom said the US was “committed to working with our allies and partners to counter the flow of Iranian lethal aid in the region by all lawful means”.
Iran backs the Houthi rebels in Yemen’s ongoing civil war, but arms transfers to the group are barred under a 2015 resolution by the UN Security Council.
The civil war in Yemen began in 2014 when the Houthis took control of the capital Sanaa and removed the country’s government.
The ousted government remains the internationally recognised authority in Yemen and is backed by a Saudi-led coalition of countries in the region as well as the US and the UK.
Since the second half of last year, Iran has also repeatedly been accused of supplying Russia with arms, most notably drones, for use in the war in Ukraine.
Oleksandr Vasiuk, a Ukrainian MP who co-chairs a committee on cooperation with the US, said the transfer “proves once again that the US is our strong ally”.
“These seized weapons and ammunition could have been simply disposed of, but Washington understands how important it is for us to get help,” he said.
After the recent political turbulence in the US, which is now directly affecting military aid for Ukraine, Kyiv is keen to celebrate any support package it receives.
While 1.1 million bullets are likely to be less pivotal than tanks or long-range missiles, every single one will be welcomed during a war of attrition.
For Ukraine, there is also a slight poetry in its soldiers firing Iranian bullets at a force that uses dozens of Iranian-made drones.
The transfer comes amid rising concern among Western allies over their continued ability to arm Kyiv.
On Monday at the Warsaw Security Forum, Adm Rob Bauer, the chairman of Nato’s military committee, said that the “bottom of the barrel is now visible”.
He said decades of underinvestment meant that, even at the start of the war, Nato countries’ ammunition stocks had been half-full or even emptier.
He added that governments and arms manufacturers needed to “ramp up production in a much higher tempo”.
“The just-in-time, just-enough economy we built together in 30 years in our liberal economies is fine for a lot of things – but not the armed forces when there is a war ongoing,” he said.
UK Defence Minister James Heappey urged Nato allies to spend 2% of their national income on defence, a target agreed by the whole bloc but expected to be met this year by only 11 of its 31 members.
The transfer of the Iranian ammunition also comes as the Biden administration looks for alternative ways to provide assistance to Ukraine amid opposition from some in Congress.
Officials have been warning for weeks that the money currently allocated to Ukraine has been nearly exhausted, but pressure from members of the Republican right has so far prevented the House of Representatives from approving additional funds.
On Tuesday, some of the same members won a vote to unseat House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, a move which will delay any vote on further aid until after a replacement is installed, which will not happen until at least the middle of next week.
Even then, any future Speaker who brings a vote on the issue to the floor is almost certain to face similar opposition.